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Adeyemi, B S and Aigbavboa, C O (2020) Conflict factors investigation among construction professionals in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1121–37.

Aghimien, D O, Aigbavboa, C O, Oke, A E and Thwala, W D (2019) Mapping out research focus for robotics and automation research in construction-related studies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1063–79.

Arowoiya, V A, Oke, A E, Aigbavboa, C O and Aliu, J (2020) An appraisal of the adoption internet of things (IoT) elements for sustainable construction. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(05), 1193–208.

Asad, M M, Hassan, R B, Sherwani, F, Rind, I A and Maiji, Y (2019) Development of a novel safety and health educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) for oil and gas production operation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 959–71.

Blindheim, J, Elverum, C W, Welo, T and Steinert, M (2020) Concept evaluation in new product development. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1139–51.

Borer, J (2020) Object oriented design of safety critical programmable equipment systems. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1081–9.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Safety issues; Process control; Software engineering; Systems design;
• ISBN/ISSN: 1726-0531
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2019-0139
• Abstract:
  The purpose of this study is to provide a method for designing the software for a process control system that avoids difficulties that lead to safety problems. Design of real-time software for safety critical programmable equipment systems (PES) such as process control or shutdown systems needs to be approached quite differently compared to any other software. It must be designed by those who understand the equipment system not by software engineers who do not. Following the ‘Piper Alpha’ disaster in the North Sea in the late 1980s, it was realised that the software of safety critical PES, such as the shut-down system on an oil rig, was proving very unreliable. Earlier hardwired relay-based shut-down systems were designed by process control engineers who understood the functions the equipment was required to perform; however, by the 1980s, such systems had been replaced by PES designed by system analysts who did not understand the technologies involved. The safety critical real-time software for a programmable equipment system will only be reliable when it is designed by control engineers who understand the functions it has to perform. Bottom-up design of software is necessary to avoid safety issues and this can only be achieved using object-oriented methods. This paper describes an entirely original idea of the author based on experience of managing the design and construction of the process control, emergency shut-down and fire and gas and communication systems for a major oil and gas platform in the North Sea around the time of the Piper Alpha disaster.

Chaparro, D A, Ying, F J, Rotimi, F E and Egbelakin, T (2020) Commute and labour productivity: investigation of inner city construction sites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1305–19.

Dave, N, Sahu, V and Misra, A K (2020) Development of geopolymer cement concrete for highway infrastructure applications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1321–33.

Davila Delgado, J M and Oyedele, L O (2020) BIM data model requirements for asset monitoring and the circular economy. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1269–85.

Derradji, R and Hamzi, R (2020) Multi-criterion analysis based on integrated process-risk optimization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1015–35.

Eziefula, U G, Opara, H E and Eziefula, B I (2020) Strength of concrete produced with different sources of aggregates from selected parts of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1053–61.

Fei, C, Xiahou, P and Wang, F (2020) Design and control of grid connected inverter for harmonic suppression. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1349–56.

Gamil, Y, A. Abdullah, M, Abd Rahman, I and Asad, M M (2020) Internet of things in construction industry revolution 4.0. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1091–102.

Gbadamosi, S L and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal planning of renewable energy systems for power loss reduction in transmission expansion planning. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1209–22.

Gharehbaghi, K, McManus, K, Hurst, N, Robson, K and Myers, M (2019) Complexities in mega rail transportation projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 973–90.

Gupta, N K and Thakre, G D (2020) Dry sliding wear performance on self-healing Al6061 composites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1357–70.

Jun, Z, Akbar, M A and Xin lei, W (2020) Optimization of design and measurement principle of six-components force/thrust measurement stand. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1371–9.

Khamseh, A and Marei, P (2020) Designing a model developed to assess the capabilities of technological innovation in Iranian construction of power plant equipment industries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1241–9.

Li, H, Xia, Q, Wang, L and Ma, Y (2020) Sustainability assessment of urban water environment treatment public-private partnership projects using fuzzy logic. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1251–67.

Mbae, A M and Nwulu, N I (2020) Day-ahead load forecasting using improved grey Verhulst model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1335–48.

Okampo, E J and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal energy mix for a reverse osmosis desalination unit considering demand response. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1287–303.

Osman, B and Zhu, H (2020) A virtual educational model on a CNC milling machine including and excluding two methods of fuzzy controllers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1153–63.

Sibanda, V, Mpofu, K, Trimble, J and Kanganga, M (2019) Development of part families for a reconfigurable machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 991–1014.

Singh, T, Kalra, M and Misra, A K (2020) Simplified probabilistic seismic assessment of dampers in tall and braced structures in buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1037–52.

Wang, L (2020) Home intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1231–40.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Fuzzy uncertainty and its applications in reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1175–91.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Time-dependent safety performance of reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1103–20.

Xia, Y (2020) Research on dynamic data monitoring of steel structure building information using BIM. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1165–73.

Yan, J (2020) 3D printing optimization algorithm based on back-propagation neural network. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1223–30.

Zadok, Y (2019) Project-based learning in robotics meets junior high school. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 941–58.